How to Calculate Hectare to Bigha: State-wise Explanation

Converting land measurement units is a common necessity in agricultural, real estate, and legal contexts in India, where different states use varied units to define land areas. One common conversion is between hectares and bighas. This article delves into the method of converting hectares to bighas with state-wise variations, common formulas, and frequently asked questions.

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Understanding Hectare and Bigha

What is a Hectare?

A hectare (ha) is a metric unit of area measurement commonly used globally to define large land parcels. It is equal to 10,000 square meters or approximately 2.471 acres. Hectares are used in India for official documentation, agricultural purposes, and large-scale real estate measurements.

What is a Bigha?

Bigha is a traditional land measurement unit widely used in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. However, the size of a bigha is not standardized and varies across states, districts, and even regions within states. This lack of uniformity makes state-wise calculations critical.

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Formula for Hectare to Bigha Conversion

The formula for converting hectares to bighas depends on the regional value of a bigha. The general equation is:Number of Bighas=Hectares×Conversion Factor\text{Number of Bighas} = \text{Hectares} \times \text{Conversion Factor}Number of Bighas=Hectares×Conversion Factor

Where the Conversion Factor is specific to the state or region.

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State-wise Conversion Factors

Below is a detailed state-wise explanation of how many bighas equal one hectare in different parts of India:

1. Rajasthan

• 1 Hectare = 15.63 Bighas In Rajasthan, the bigha is further divided into 20 biswas.

2. Uttar Pradesh

• 1 Hectare = 6.25 Bighas In UP, a bigha is commonly subdivided into 20 biswas, and this standardized system makes it easier to calculate.

3. Haryana

• 1 Hectare = 4.94 Bighas Haryana’s bigha measurements are smaller compared to other states.

4. Punjab

• 1 Hectare = 4 Bighas Punjab uses one of the larger bigha measurements, making conversions straightforward.

5. Bihar

• 1 Hectare = 6.25 Bighas Bihar follows a similar measurement system to Uttar Pradesh.

6. West Bengal

• 1 Hectare = 7.5 Bighas The bigha in West Bengal is slightly smaller than in states like Rajasthan but larger than Haryana.

7. Assam

• 1 Hectare = 5 Bighas In Assam, a bigha is considered a moderately large unit.

8. Himachal Pradesh

• 1 Hectare = 8 Bighas Himachal Pradesh’s hilly terrain makes land divisions unique, with slightly smaller bigha measurements.

9. Gujarat

• 1 Hectare = 6.47 Bighas Gujarat’s bigha values vary marginally across districts but adhere to this average.

10. Madhya Pradesh

• 1 Hectare = 4 Bighas In MP, a standardized approach makes calculations easier.

11. Maharashtra

• 1 Hectare = 4 Bighas Similar to Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra’s bigha values are consistent.

12. Andhra Pradesh & Telangana

• 1 Hectare = 4 Bighas These states use the metric system extensively but convert to bighas for traditional purposes.

13. Karnataka

• 1 Hectare = 2.47 Acres While Karnataka uses acres more frequently, conversions to bigha depend on regional practices.

14. Tamil Nadu and Kerala

• 1 Hectare = Not Commonly Used In Tamil Nadu and Kerala, traditional units such as cent, ground, or acre are more common.

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Step-by-Step Calculation

Let’s break down the conversion process using an example:

Example 1: Convert 5 Hectares to Bighas in Uttar Pradesh

1. Identify the conversion factor: 1 Hectare = 6.25 Bighas (UP).
2. Multiply the number of hectares by the conversion factor: 5 Hectares×6.25=31.25 Bighas.5 \, \text{Hectares} \times 6.25 = 31.25 \, \text{Bighas}.5Hectares×6.25=31.25Bighas.

Example 2: Convert 2.5 Hectares to Bighas in Rajasthan

1. Conversion factor: 1 Hectare = 15.63 Bighas (Rajasthan).
2. Multiply: 2.5 Hectares×15.63=39.075 Bighas.2.5 \, \text{Hectares} \times 15.63 = 39.075 \, \text{Bighas}.2.5Hectares×15.63=39.075Bighas.

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FAQs

Q1: Why does the size of a bigha vary across states?

The bigha is a traditional unit with no standardization across India. Historical practices, land fertility, and geographical differences influenced its size.

Q2: Is it possible to directly measure land in hectares instead of bighas?

Yes, especially in urban areas and agricultural reports. However, rural practices often stick to traditional units like bigha.

Q3: What is the easiest way to perform these conversions?

Using online land conversion calculators or following the formula with the correct conversion factor for your state ensures accurate results.

Q4: Are there apps available for land conversion?

Yes, several mobile apps and government portals provide conversion tools. Examples include the “mAadhaar” app and state-specific land record websites.

Q5: Can I convert bigha to hectare?

Yes, the reverse formula applies:Hectares=BighasConversion Factor\text{Hectares} = \frac{\text{Bighas}}{\text{Conversion Factor}}Hectares=Conversion FactorBighas​

Q6: Which states do not use bigha as a common unit?

States like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and parts of Karnataka rely more on acres, cents, and other units.

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State-Wise Quick Reference Table

State	1 Hectare = X Bighas
Rajasthan	15.63
Uttar Pradesh	6.25
Haryana	4.94
Punjab	4
Bihar	6.25
West Bengal	7.5
Assam	5
Himachal Pradesh	8
Gujarat	6.47
Madhya Pradesh	4
Maharashtra	4
Andhra Pradesh	4
Telangana	4
Karnataka	Varies (acres preferred)
Tamil Nadu	Not Commonly Used
Kerala	Not Commonly Used

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Conclusion

Converting hectares to bighas requires understanding state-wise variations, as the size of a bigha changes significantly across India. By using the correct conversion factor and formula, you can accurately calculate land area, ensuring clarity in agricultural, legal, and real estate transactions. For ease, rely on digital tools, but always cross-check with local records for accuracy.